WITCHES’ BROOMS
Witches’ brooms are abnormal growths that appear in a wide range of woody plants and are frequently found in conifers. They can be caused by disease, physical injury or spontaneous bud mutations. It is this last group that is of horticultural value. Almost all of the dwarf and slow growing conifers in cultivation worldwide originated as seedlings or vegetative propagations from these strange growths. Many broom propagations are inherently weak and short-lived, but careful selection of healthy brooms over many decades has resulted in an abundance of garden-worthy plants, a few of which are shown below.